"The kingdom of heaven is like yeast that a
woman took and mixed in with three measures of flour until all of it
was leavened." (Matthew 13:33)
Jesus shifts from farming to baking in a series of Kingdom of Heaven parables in Matthew 13--first a parable about a sower of seeds (beginning in 13:3), then a parable about mustard seed (13:31), then a parable about a woman mixing yeast into flour (13:33).
In Jesus' culture, baking was done by women and girls. So in this parable it is a woman
who put a little yeast in with a lot of flour. Let me show you seven cool things
about this parable.
First, Jesus used an example from the everyday lives of women. Women not
only play important roles in his life and ministry, but a woman here gets to be
the star of her own parable! Moreover, the woman is the “God character.” Jesus
shows us heaven in a woman’s everyday chore.
Second, the NRSV
translation I quoted above says she “mixed in” the yeast. But the Greek word
here is evgkru,ptw ekgrupto {eng-kroop'-to}. It means literally “hid.” The yeast is hidden in the dough. And apparently
there’s something about heaven that is hidden in the world. It’s not
conspicuous. We’re not talking about something that is self-evident, just as
Jesus himself was not self-evidently the Son of God. He didn’t glow or have a
halo. Neither does the kingdom of heaven have a red neon light flashing above
it to identify itself to all. Heaven is hidden in the world.
Third, yeast is not a
dead ingredient like flour. Flour can’t rise all by itself. But yeast is not
dead. It’s alive. And it brings the dough to life. Yeast is a germ that when
placed in moist kneaded dough containing a little honey or sugar, grows like
crazy causing the whole lump to expand. It’s a little pinch of Life, and a
little pinch of Life is enough to leaven a whole lot of flour. Because of a
small pinch of Life, the whole world comes alive. Jesus’ teaching in the world
is like yeast, as is his own presence. He is Life, says the Scriptures. The Apostle
Paul said that “He (Jesus) who descended is the same one who ascended far above
all the heavens, so that he might fill all things.” (Ephesians 4:10) He fills
us with himself, therefore we are filled with home, heaven, the kingdom,
eternal Life.
Fourth, how much flour is
Jesus talking about? He says three measures. A measure in Greek is sa,ton saton {pronounced sat'-on}, and it equals the Hebrew
term "seah." A saton or seah is a little over 16 pounds of dry flour.
So three of these is approaching 50 lbs of flour total, enough to feed over a
hundred people! This huge amount of dough represents everything, the woman is
God, and the yeast is Life (Jesus and his words and his resurrection) hidden by
God in the cosmos.
Fifth, the yeast causing
the dough to rise is a reference to resurrection. Jesus’ resurrection and Life
leavened the whole world. The promise of Scripture is that because he rose, all
will rise (like dough). This rising
of the whole Loaf is the result of a single solitary Life. Because he “rises,”
all “rise.”
Sixth, something tiny and
insignificant, just like the mustard seed, can become something great. It only
took that little bit of yeast hidden in a huge batch of dough to make the whole
thing rise. The amount of yeast is insignificant like a single tiny mustard
seed, or a single messenger, or a single word: Life. But it seems that when it
comes to the kingdom of heaven, “a little dab’ll do ya!”
Seventh, in contrast to
Jesus and his heavenly yeast, Jesus warned about someone’s yeast: “Beware of the yeast of the Pharisees and
Sadducees!" Then they
understood that he had not told them to beware of the yeast of bread, but of
the teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees. (underline mine) (Matthew 16:11-12) I suppose Jesus intended by this to
convey that the yeast of the Pharisee and Sadducees either did not rise because
their teachings were not Life-filled, or their yeast rather than causing Life
to rise caused death by law to increase. Either way Jesus finds them guilty of
keeping people out of the kingdom and not entering its Life themselves: “But woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you lock people
out of the kingdom of heaven. For you do not go in yourselves, and when others
are going in, you stop them. Woe to
you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you cross sea and land to make a
single convert, and you make the new convert twice as much a child of hell
(Gehenna) as yourselves.”
(Matthew 23:13-15) Perhaps Jesus is implying that the yeast of these leaders
rises to hell,* not heaven.
*For definitions of hell, Sheol, Hades, Gehenna, and Tartarus see Hell Defined 1 and Hell Defined 2.
For more on Jesus' parables see my blogs The Absurd Parable of the Unforgiving Slave, The God Who Gambles, Parable of the Vine and Branches, The Crooked Manager, The Friend at Midnight, Heaven Is Like a Crazy Farmer, He Speaks Of . . ., Salted With Fire, Talking Sheep and Goats, Is Your Eye Evil?, Two Prodigals and Their Strange Father, The Lazarus Parable Is Not About the Afterlife,and Jesus Used Parables Like a Sieve.