The Apostle Paul Never Converted to Christianity

The Apostle Paul never converted to Christianity, and he did not change his name from Saul to Paul upon his supposed Damascus Road conversion.

Before you scream "Blasphemy!" please allow me to demonstrate.

Saul (Sha'uwl in Hebrew) did not change his name to Paul (Paulos or Paulus in Greek) upon his Damascus Road experience of the risen Christ in Acts 9. In chapters 9, 10, 11, 12, and part of 13, Saul's name is still Saul, even though he is now a changed man and an Apostle of Jesus. So when did Saul start calling himself Paul?

In Acts 13:9, we learn that Saul is coming to be known as Paul. Why did this happen? 

Here is the context: Saul was on the first stop of his first missionary journey to speak to Greek-speaking gentiles. He was on the island of Cyprus preaching to his fellow Israelites in the synagogue (Acts 13:5). But then he went to see the proconsul of the island, a Greek-speaking Roman official named---now get this---Sergius Paulus. This man would have been unfamiliar both with Saul's Hebrew language and Hebrew name.

Raphael - The Conversion of the Proconsul

Saul in Hebrew is Sha'ūl. In Greek that's Saulos. It was only after Saul's meeting with the Roman ruler Sergius Paulus in Acts 13 that Saulos begins going by the nickname Paulos. Perhaps he noticed close similarity between the names Saulos and Paulus; to make them even more similar, he spelled Paulus as Paulos. Maybe he felt he needed a Greek nickname, as he intended to interact with Greek-speakers throughout the Roman world he was entering. Pardon me for a bit more speculation: Paulus means "small or little." If Paul were a man small of stature, as Hebrews tended to be, it might have made his new nickname both appropriate and easy to remember. It's not unusual today to find a short fellow nicknamed "Shorty."

Conversion is the wrong word for what happened to Paul. Deep into the Book of Acts, twice in the present tense he said, "I am a Jew" (Acts 21:39 and 22:3). "I am a Pharisee, a son of Pharisees," he said (Acts 23:6). In the following two quotes from his own letters, he writes in the present tense:

Romans 11:1 I myself am an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham, a member of the tribe of Benjamin.

2 Corinthians 11:22 Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So am I. Are they descendants of Abraham? So am I.

Again Paul writes of himself:

YLT Philippians 3:5 circumcision on the eighth day! of the race of Israel! of the tribe of Benjamin! a Hebrew of Hebrews! according to law a Pharisee!

Conversion, by dictionary definition, means changing from one religion to another. Mistakenly, many English translations of the Bible introduce Acts 9 as "The Conversion of the Apostle Paul," or something similar. This prevalent view neither takes into account that almost all of the first believers in Jesus Christ (messiah) were Hebrews and remained Hebrews, nor that the first major controversy in the nascent church was whether Gentiles could be Christians without converting to their Abrahamic faith (Acts 15). The view that Paul converted to Christianity also doesn't take into account that Paul never renounced his Hebrew heritage, his Israelite faith, his Benjamite lineage, or his credentials as a Pharisee.

Paul was a Hebrew Pharisee practicing the original Abrahamic faith until his death. One thing, however, made him a bit unusual. He also believed that Jesus, a rabbi from Nazareth, was the fulfillment of Hebrew prophesies regarding the promised Messiah of God.

Paul was not a convert from the Israelite religion to Christianity. He was an Abrahamic Christian. Jesus re-framed Paul's Hebrew faith that he never left or lost.

For more on the Apostle Paul see my blogs Paul Didn't Go To Heaven, Porneia, and The Soul Doesn't Leave the Body at Death.

Every head bowed and every eye closed

A priest, a minister, and a guru sat discussing the best position for prayer, while a telephone repairman worked nearby.

“Kneeling is definitely the best way to pray,” said the priest.

“No,” said the minister. “I get the best results standing with my hands outstretched to heaven.”

“You’re both wrong,” said the guru. “The most effective prayer position is lying down on the floor.”

The repairman, unable to contain himself any longer, said, “Hey, fellas. The best praying I ever did was when I was hanging upside down from a telephone pole.”

(author unknown)

When Jesus prays prior to a miracle, something he rarely does, he looks up to heaven (once in Matthew, twice in Mark, once in Luke, and once in John). For example,

Mark 6:41 Taking the five loaves and the two fish, he looked up to heaven (ouranos = heaven or sky), and blessed and broke the loaves, and gave them to his disciples to set before the people; and he divided the two fish among them all.

Mark 7:34 Then looking up to heaven, he sighed and said to him, "Ephphatha," that is, "Be opened."

John 17:1 After Jesus had spoken these words, he looked up to heaven and said, "Father, the hour has come; glorify your Son so that the Son may glorify you . . .”

Why did Jesus look up to pray sometimes? Is the heavenly Father really “up there” somewhere—implying that he is somehow absent “down here”? Did Jesus believe like other ancient peoples that God’s heaven is beyond the sky’s dome of blue waters? Or was Jesus’ sense of God’s Spirit that, like the wind, it comes from everywhere in the air around and above us? The Bible neither emphasizes nor clarifies why Jesus on occasion looked upward when he prayed.

What’s strange to me is that while Jesus prayed with his eyes opened looking up, we Christians pray with our eyes closed and our heads bowed down! The next time someone says, “Let us pray,” sneak a peak. Watch the heads bow and the eyes close automatically. Some pastors go so far as to specifically instruct worshipers with the words, “Every head bowed and every eye closed.” Why is that?

Heads bowed and eyes closed may be the customary posture for prayer among Christians today, but it’s certainly not biblical. Jesus never gave instructions to bow your head and close your eyes when you pray. Neither did anyone else in the Bible. So why do we do it?

I have a theory.

In Jesus’ parable of the Praying Pharisee and Tax Collector, the Pharisee stands where he can be seen as he thanks God that he’s better than other people because he fasts a lot and gives a lot of money. But . . .

. . . the tax collector, standing far off, would not even look up to heaven, but was beating his breast and saying, 'God, be merciful to me, a sinner!' (italics mine) (Luke 18:13)

Maybe this is why we Christians face downward and close our eyes when we pray, so as to imitate this tax collector’s humility. We avoid looking up to heaven by bowing our heads.

Is there any other place in scripture where someone bows his head to pray? Sort of. Though prayer is not specified, it could be implied in four verses in the Old Testament (Gen 24:26, 48; Ex 34:8; Ps 35:13) where someone bows his head to worship.

What about the New Testament? Matthew says that Jesus once prayed with his face to the ground (Matthew 26:39), which is sort of like bowing your head. A man healed of leprosy bowed with his face to the ground and begged Jesus to heal him (Luke 5:12), which sounds like a prayer. A healed Samaritan fell with this face to the ground at Jesus’ feet (Luke 17:16) expressing thanksgiving, which could be seen as a prayer. And the disciples once took hold of Jesus’ feet and worshiped him (Matthew 28:9), perhaps including prayer.

Paul also wrote:

^NET 1 Corinthians 14:25 The secrets of his heart are disclosed, and in this way he will fall down with his face to the ground and worship God, declaring, "God is really among you."

So there is evidence in the Bible, though weak, that sometimes people bowed their heads when they prayed. But are there biblical references to closing one’s eyes to pray? No. While there is some precedence for falling on your face for worship, perhaps meaning to include prayer, I can find no biblical instructions specifically to bow your head and to close your eyes when you pray.

Frankly, I don’t think Jesus intended to regulate praying postures with his parable of the Praying Pharisee and Tax Collector. It was the man’s heart—not his posture—that was “justified.” Should you press your palms together or fold them? Should you stand or kneel? Should you raise your hands or hold hands with others? Do you want to know what I think? I think you could pray standing on your head wearing a pink tutu if you wanted to, but it wouldn’t help. Prayer’s effectiveness has little to do with body position, though the creator of this imaginative chart obviously disagrees.

Nevertheless, on several occasions our New Testament says that Jesus looked up to ouranos (sky or heaven) when he prayed. Is that why his prayers always “worked”? Is there magic in looking heavenward? Was he showing us how to properly posture ourselves for prayer? If so, why do so few Christians today do it that way?

I often open my eyes when I pray. I like looking outward or upward because it reminds me that I have come to believe that the kingdom of heaven is near us, around us, among us, and within us, as Jesus insisted. I don’t have to close my eyes to imagine the kingdom. I can see it all around me with the eyes of faith.

On the other hand, many whom I’ve spoken with about this topic have told me that closing their eyes to pray helps them to block out distractions.

So, do we avoid looking toward heaven as the tax collector did in Jesus’ parable? Or should we pray with eyes heavenward as Jesus did on occasion?

Again, I don’t think it matters. I’ve never had the sense that the position of my eyelids makes God any more attentive. If it did, I’d pray upwards every time, rub my rabbit’s foot, avoid stepping on any cracks, and contort myself into the Lotus position—whatever worked.

Standing? Kneeling? Prostrate on the floor? Eyes closed? Eyes opened? Head raised? Head bowed? It doesn’t really matter, it seems to me. I doubt that posturing manipulates God. And I doubt that anyone but a religionist would monitor your prayer posture.